{"id":1137,"date":"2021-07-31T15:41:56","date_gmt":"2021-07-31T15:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damianruiz.eu\/?p=1137"},"modified":"2021-07-31T15:41:56","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T15:41:56","slug":"la-science-la-psychologie-et-le-concept-de-letre-humain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damianruiz.eu\/fr\/la-science-la-psychologie-et-le-concept-de-letre-humain\/","title":{"rendered":"La science, la psychologie et le concept de l’\u00eatre humain"},"content":{"rendered":"

Paul Fayerabend, qui a notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 professeur \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 de Harvard, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0de toutes les fa\u00e7ons de penser que l’homme a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, la science est l’une d’entre elles, mais pas n\u00e9cessairement la meilleure\u00a0\u00bb.
\n<\/span><\/i>Il ne remet pas en cause le r\u00f4le de la connaissance scientifique dans le progr\u00e8s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, mais plut\u00f4t la possibilit\u00e9 de la critiquer, voire de ne pas n\u00e9cessairement s’y soumettre en toutes occasions.
\n<\/span>Dans le cas de la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19, par exemple, la question de savoir si c’\u00e9taient les scientifiques ou les politiques qui devaient prendre les d\u00e9cisions sur ce qu’il fallait faire ou ne pas faire a suscit\u00e9 de nombreuses controverses.
\n<\/span>La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est que les deux, au niveau international, ont diff\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards, en fonction de crit\u00e8res empiriques et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 sociale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Louis Pasteur, le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre scientifique fran\u00e7ais, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 sur son lit de mort : <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Bernard avait raison, le germe n’est rien, le sol est tout\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/i>. En r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 Claude Bernard, un scientifique qui, comme lui, avait postul\u00e9 qu’un \u00e9tat organique correct de la personne \u00e9tait plus important que le pathog\u00e8ne externe lui-m\u00eame. –<\/span><\/p>\n

Si l’on transpose \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque, il faut se demander si, en plus de la n\u00e9cessaire vaccination de la population, les enfermements et les restrictions s\u00e9v\u00e8res n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 contre-productifs, en g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des \u00e9tats nerveux et immunologiques alt\u00e9r\u00e9s et en cr\u00e9ant des organismes sans d\u00e9fense contre le virus ? –<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu’est-ce que je veux dire par l\u00e0 ?
\n<\/span>Que la science a, m\u00eame sur un seul sujet, une diversit\u00e9 d’opinions, et que dans de nombreux cas l’unanimit\u00e9 est loin d’\u00eatre atteinte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les connaissances scientifiques sont essentielles au progr\u00e8s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sous tous ses aspects, mais elles peuvent aussi \u00eatre manipul\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de tabac investissait des millions de dollars ou d’euros dans la r\u00e9alisation d’\u00e9tudes statistiques visant \u00e0 trouver des facteurs positifs pour la sant\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation de tabac, elle les trouverait certainement, et un r\u00e9sultat rigoureux pourrait \u00eatre publi\u00e9, ignorant les aspects n\u00e9gatifs, qui sont nombreux, et ne mettant en \u00e9vidence que les variables positives.<\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis l’origine de la psychologie, il existe diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9coles de pens\u00e9e sur la psych\u00e9 humaine, les \u00e9motions et le comportement. Toute personne qui en est famili\u00e8re sait qu’il existe de multiples ramifications dans la seule psychanalyse, ainsi que dans le cognitivisme, la th\u00e9orie syst\u00e9mique, la bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, etc.
\n<\/span>Chacune de ces lignes psychologiques a une certaine vision de l’\u00eatre humain, depuis la croyance en un inconscient qui emmagasine les exp\u00e9riences et conditionne la vie actuelle de la personne jusqu’\u00e0 une vision simplement r\u00e9active du comportement humain, ind\u00e9pendamment de ce qu’a \u00e9t\u00e9 son parcours de vie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imaginez maintenant, comme cela se passe dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, que nous choisissions un seul de ces courants et en fassions \u00ab\u00a0le vrai\u00a0\u00bb, que nous investissions de l’argent dans des \u00e9tudes exp\u00e9rimentales, que nous l’officialisions dans les universit\u00e9s et les h\u00f4pitaux, et que petit \u00e0 petit nous rejetons tous les autres, en les marginalisant, jusqu’\u00e0 les discr\u00e9diter.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imaginez que cela se passe avec un parti politique, qu’un seul soit \u00e9lu et que son id\u00e9ologie devienne \u00ab\u00a0la seule valable\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pourquoi est-ce que je fais cette comparaison ?
\n<\/span>Car en choisissant comme officiel un seul de ces courants psychologiques, on ne parie pas seulement sur un mod\u00e8le th\u00e9rapeutique, mais sur un mod\u00e8le d’\u00eatre humain, promouvant une vision unique de la raison de la souffrance psychique et de la mani\u00e8re de tenter de la r\u00e9soudre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma position personnelle, fond\u00e9e sur la mod\u00e9ration, est critique \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la d\u00e9rive vers laquelle se dirige la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 occidentale actuelle, une d\u00e9rive sur laquelle il n’est tout simplement pas possible d’avoir une opinion, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les gouvernements imposent des crit\u00e8res stricts sur ce qu’il est correct de dire (et de penser) et ce qui ne l’est pas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, si nous voulons avoir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 diverse et plurielle, \u00e9galement en ce qui concerne ce qui correspond \u00e0 la psych\u00e9 humaine, il serait juste d’\u00e9tendre le mod\u00e8le scientifique en psychologie aux diff\u00e9rentes variantes th\u00e9oriques et pratiques qui existent et non pas \u00e0 une seule d’entre elles, comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui.
\n<\/span>Le financement de ces \u00e9tudes provient principalement de l’argent public, et il est tr\u00e8s facile de marginaliser toute th\u00e9orie qui ne correspond pas \u00e0 la vision unilat\u00e9rale, relativiste et postmoderne qui pr\u00e9vaut aujourd’hui.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tout au long de l’histoire, le d\u00e9veloppement des connaissances a impliqu\u00e9 des th\u00e9oriciens et des chercheurs, se renvoyant la balle, pour finalement accepter ou rejeter l’un ou l’autre postulat sur la base de r\u00e9sultats empiriques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais aujourd’hui, il ne suffit plus de penser logiquement et rationnellement ; nous devons le faire selon la \u00ab\u00a0nouvelle v\u00e9rit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, qui est beaucoup plus li\u00e9e \u00e0 l’ing\u00e9nierie sociale qu’\u00e0 l’essence de ce qu’est et a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’\u00eatre humain. L’essence, qui pour moi, est invariable quelle que soit l’\u00e9poque, la culture ou la mode du moment.<\/span><\/p>\n

La pens\u00e9e logique et rationnelle appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la psychologie permet encore de d\u00e9couvrir diff\u00e9rentes th\u00e9ories et m\u00e9thodes pour aborder la connaissance de la psych\u00e9 humaine, et donc d’aider les personnes qui souffrent de diff\u00e9rents troubles \u00e0 les surmonter. Et bien s\u00fbr, il faut v\u00e9rifier scientifiquement tout cela, mais sans \u00e9carter, a priori, des hypoth\u00e8ses qui peuvent parfois \u00eatre tr\u00e8s proches de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dami\u00e1n Ruiz
\n<\/span>Psychologue et analyste jungien
\n<\/span>www.damianruiz.eu
\n<\/span>Barcelone, 30 juillet 2021<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paul Fayerabend, qui a notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 professeur \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 de Harvard, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \u00ab\u00a0de toutes les fa\u00e7ons de penser […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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